Vincent van Gogh is known for his vibrant masterpieces and his troubled life. One of the most famous episodes related to his existence is the mysterious case of his severed ear. But what really happened? In this article, we will explore the truth behind the legend and the different theories that have tried to explain what happened.
The Context: Van Gogh and the Arles Period
In 1888, Van Gogh moved to Arles, in the south of France, with the dream of creating an artistic community. Here he invited the painter Paul Gauguin to live and work with him. However, their cohabitation proved turbulent due to their differences in character and art. Van Gogh was sensitive and tormented, while Gauguin was more self-confident and dominant.
The Night of the Incident
On the night of December 23, 1888, after a particularly heated argument, the famous episode occurred. According to the official version, Van Gogh, in a moment of deep crisis, cut off the lobe of his left ear with a razor. He then wrapped the piece of ear in a cloth and gave it to a woman in a local brothel, probably a prostitute named Rachel.
The Different Theories About What Happened
Over the years, several scholars have advanced alternative hypotheses about what really happened that night.
1. The act of self-harm
- According to the most widespread version, Van Gogh inflicted the wound on himself, in the throes of a psychotic crisis due to his fragile mental health and the fear of being abandoned by Gauguin.
2. The theory of the duel with Gauguin
- Some art historians, including Hans Kaufmann and Rita Wildegans, argue that it was Paul Gauguin who wounded Van Gogh with a sword during an argument, but that Van Gogh remained silent to protect his friend.
3. An episode of acute psychosis
- It is speculated that Van Gogh was suffering from an episode of delirium related to epilepsy or an undiagnosed psychiatric syndrome, which led him to commit the act unconsciously.
The Aftermath of the Accident
After the episode, Van Gogh was admitted to the hospital in Arles and his mental health progressively worsened. Less than a year later, in 1889, he voluntarily admitted himself to the psychiatric hospital in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, where he continued to paint some of his most famous works, including Starry Night .
The Fascination of the Myth of Van Gogh
The episode of the severed ear has helped build the myth of Van Gogh as a tormented and misunderstood artist. Although his art is celebrated throughout the world today, during his lifetime he did not receive the recognition he deserved. His troubled existence, combined with his extraordinary sensitivity, has made his figure even more fascinating.
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